Pemikiran imkān al-rukyah Ahmad Marzuqi al-Batāwi dalam kitab Faḍlu al-Raḥman

Yaqin, Ahmad Ainul (2019) Pemikiran imkān al-rukyah Ahmad Marzuqi al-Batāwi dalam kitab Faḍlu al-Raḥman. Masters thesis, UIN Walisongo.

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Abstract

Pada tahun 2017 M, pemerintah Indonesia melalui Kementerian Agama RI dalam sidang isbatnya menetapkan 1 Syawal 1438 H jatuh pada hari Ahad, tanggal 25 Juni 2017 M. Namun keputusan pemerintah tersebut tidak diikuti oleh jamaah al-Marzuqiyah, sebagaimana dalam surat pemberitahuannya yang mendasarkan pada kitab Faḍlu al-Raḥman karya Ahmad Marzuqi al-Batāwi, menetapkan 1 Syawal 1438 H jatuh pada hari Senin, tanggal 26 Juni 2017 M. Studi ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui genealogi pemikiran imkān al-ukyah Ahmad Marzuqi al-Batāwi dalam kitab Faḍlu al-Raḥman dan (2) Menganalisis secara fikih dan astronomi terhadap pemikiran imkān al-rukyah Ahmad Marzuqi al-Batāwi dalam kitab Faḍlu al-Raḥman. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui dokumentasi dan hasil wawancara. Setelah data terkumpul, kemudian dilakukan analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik, yaitu menggambarkan terlebih dahulu genealogi pemikiran imkān al-ukyah Ahmad Marzuqi al-Batāwi dalam kitab Faḍlu al-Raḥman, selanjutnya gambaran tersebut dijadikan fakta dan dianalisis secara fikih dan astronomi untuk diambil kesimpulan.
Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Genealogi pemikiran imkān al-rukyah Ahmad Marzuqi al-Batāwi dalam kitab Faḍlu al-Raḥman, bermula pada peristiwa perbedaan penentuan awal Ramadan 1299 H antara Habib Uṡman dengan Abdul Ḥamid. Perbedaan ini terus berlanjut pada generasi berikutnya yaitu perbedaan penentuan awal Zulhijah 1350 H antara Ahmad Marzuqi al-Batāwi dengan Muhammad Manṣur al-Batāwi. Pada saat itu, Manṣur membenarkan kesaksian dua orang yang melihat hilal pada ketinggian 5 derajat, namun Marzuqi menolak kesaksian tersebut karena belum memenuhi kriteria imkān al-rukyah 7 derajat. (2) Dalam perspektif fikih, penggunaan metode imkān al-rukyah 7 derajat yang dikemukakan Marzuqi dalam kitab Faḍlu al-Raḥman, relevan dengan pendapat dari ulama fikih diantaranya Taqiyuddin Ali al-Subkī, Shihābuddīn al-Qalyūbī, Ibn Qāsim al-‘Ubādī dan Abdul Ḥamid al-Syarwānī yang memperbolehkan penggunaan metode imkān al-rukyah. Hanya saja, belum ada kesepakatan terkait kriteria imkān al-rukyah atau belum ada kriteria yang dapat diterima oleh semua pihak. Sedangkan dalam perspektif astronomi, penggunaan metode imkān al-rukyah 7 derajat dalam kitab Faḍlu al-Raḥman, sudah terbantahkan dengan hasil temuan terbaru bahwa tinggi hilal terendah yang berhasil teramati di Indonesia adalah 2 derajat pada saat penentuan awal Syawal 1404 H. Selanjutnya, dari hasil pengamatan hilal yang dilakukan oleh BMKG secara rutin sejak Oktober 2008 M - Juni 2019 M, dari 211 data hilal yang teramati, rekor hilal terendah yang berhasil teramati yaitu pada ketinggian minimal 6 derajat. Meskipun kriteria imkān al-rukyah 7 derajat dalam kitab Faḍlu al-Raḥman sudah terbantahkan, namun jika dikomparasikan dengan beberapa kriteria hisab kontemporer, maka hasilnya mendekati kriteria garis tanggal Internasional (kriteria Odeh).

ABSTRACT:

In 2017 CE, the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Religion Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia in its isbat session stipulated 1 Shawwal 1438 AH to fall on Sunday, June 25, 2017 CE. However, the government's decision was not followed by al-Marzuqiyah group, as in the notification letter based on the book Faḍlu al-Raḥman by Ahmad Marzuqi al-Batāwi, stipulates that 1 Shawwal 1438 H falls on Monday, June 26, 2017 CE. This study aims to: (1) Know the genealogy of imkān al-rukyah by Ahmad Marzuqi al-Batāwi in the book Faḍlu al-Raḥman. (2) Analyzed fiqh and astronomy of imkān al-rukyah by Ahmad Marzuqi al-Batāwi in the book Faḍlu al-Raḥman. This study is library research with the technique of collecting data through documentation and interview. After the data collected, the data is analyzed by descriptive analytical method, which describes the genealogy of Ahmad Marzuqi al-Batāwi's thought in the book Faḍlu al-Raḥman, and then the result is made into facts and analyzed fiqh and astronomy to be concluded.
This study shows that: (1) Genealogy of Ahmad Marzuqi al-Batāwi's thinking in the book Faḍlu al-Raḥman, began in the event of differences in the determination of the beginning of Ramadan 1299 AH between Habib Uṡman and Abdul Ḥamid. This difference continues in the next generation, namely the difference in the initial determination of Zulhijah 1350 AH between Ahmad Marzuqi al-Batāwi and Muhammad Manṣur al-Batāwi. At that time, Manṣur confirmed the testimony of two people who saw the hilal at an altitude of 5 degrees, but Marzuqi refused the testimony because it had not fulfilled the criteria for crescent visibility which was 7 degrees. (2) In the fiqh perspective, the use of the 7-degree method of crescent visibility put forward in the book Faḍlu al-Raḥman, is relevant to the opinions of the fiqh scholars including Taqiyuddin Ali al-Subkī, Shihābuddīn al-Qalyūbī, Ibn Qāsim al-‘Abādī and Abdul Ḥamid al-Syarwānī which allow use of the crescent visibility method. It's just that, there is no agreement regarding the criteria or there are no criteria that can be accepted by all groups. Whereas in the astronomical perspective, the use of the 7 degree method of faith in the book Faḍlu al-Raḥman, has been refuted with the latest findings that the lowest hilal height observed in Indonesia is 2 degrees when the initial determination of Shawwal 1404 AH. Furthermore, from the results hilal observations carried out by the BMKG regularly from October 2008 CE to June 2019 CE, of 211 hilal data observed, the lowest recorded hilal was observed at a minimum height of 6 degrees. Even though the 7 degree criteria of the Islamic faith in the book of Faḍlu al-Raḥman have been refuted, but if compared with some criteria of contemporary reckoning, it tends to be similiar with the criteria for the International date line (Odeh criteria).

Item Type: Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Imkān al-rukyah; Ahmad Marzuqi al-Batāwi; Kitab Faḍlu al-Raḥman
Subjects: 200 Religion (Class here Comparative religion) > 290 Other religions > 297 Islam and religions originating in it > 297.2 Islam Doctrinal Theology, Aqaid and Kalam > 297.26 Islam and secular disciplines > 297.265 Islam and natural science (Incl. Islamic Astronomy/Ilmu Falak)
Divisions: Program Pascasarjana > Program Master (S2) > 50102 - Ilmu Falak (S2)
Depositing User: Miswan Miswan
Date Deposited: 17 Feb 2021 07:01
Last Modified: 17 Feb 2021 07:01
URI: https://eprints.walisongo.ac.id/id/eprint/12145

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