Analisis keputusan Musyawarah Nasional XXXI Tarjih Muhammadiyah tentang kriteria awal waktu subuh

Waliawati, Waliawati (2022) Analisis keputusan Musyawarah Nasional XXXI Tarjih Muhammadiyah tentang kriteria awal waktu subuh. Masters thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang.

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Abstract

Waktu salat Subuh kembali diperbincangkan selain adanya konsep baru terhadap pemahaman dalil-dalil syarak, ada juga usulan untuk melakukan peninjauan kembali terhadap kriteria ketinggian Matahari yang digunakan dalam penentuan awal waktu salat Subuh. Pada tahun 2009, Syaikh Mamduh Farhan al-Buhairi mengkritik waktu salat Subuh di Indonesia yang terlalu dini 24 menit. Kemudian isu ini semakin mengemuka melalui penelitian yang dilakukan oleh ISRN UHAMKA. Dengan adanya kritik untuk mengkaji kembali ketinggian Matahari awal waktu Subuh, Pemerintah melakukan pengamatan di Labuan Bajo dan menetapkan bahwa ketinggian Matahari -20⁰ sudah benar. Sedangkan Muhammadiyah melalui hasil Musyawarah Nasional XXXI Tarjih tentang kriteria awal waktu Subuh menetapkan ketinggian Matahari pada -18⁰.
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui: pertama, bagaimana geneologi keputusan musyawarah nasional XXXI Tarjih Muhammadiyah tentang kriteria awal waktu Subuh. Kedua, bagaimana analisis fikih dan astronomi terhadap keputusan musyawarah nasional XXXI Tarjih Muhammadiyah tentang kriteria awal waktu Subuh.
Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research), dengan bentuk penyajian data kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data terdiri atas wawancara dan dokumentasi yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Untuk memperoleh hasil yang optimal, penulis menggunakan analisis deskriptif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, perubahan kriteria waktu Subuh dalam Munas Tarjih disebabkan oleh dua faktor, yaitu faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal meliputi: tugas pokok Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid dan hasil pengamatan fajar lembaga internal Muhammadiyah. Adapun faktor eksternal meliputi: adanya desakan dari umat tentang perbedaan ketinggian awal waktu Subuh, hasil penelitian fajar pakar astronomi, standarisasi fajar para tokoh muslim dan standarisasi tinggi Matahari negara lain. Kedua, analisis fikih terhadap keputusan ini merupakan pemahaman terhadap ayat al-Quran dan Hadis tentang awal waktu Subuh. Berdasarkan astronomi, pendekatan fajar yang digunakan sudah sesuai dengan ketinggian fajar astronomi (astronomical twilight) yaitu -18⁰. Akan tetapi, pengamatan fajar yang dilakukan harus melihat faktor posisi Indonesia yang berada di dekat ekuator dan tingkat polusi cahaya yang tinggi.

ABSTRACT:
The time for the Shubuh prayer was discussed again, in addition to the new concept of understanding the postulates of syarak, there is also a proposal to review the criteria for the height of the Sun used in determining the initial time for the Shubuh prayer. In 2009, Sheikh Mamduh Farhan al-Buhairi criticized the time for Shubuhb prayer in Indonesia which was too early to be 24 minutes. Then this issue came to the fore through research conducted by ISRN UHAMKA. With criticism to review the height of the Sun early at Shubuh time, the Government made observations in Labuan Bajo and determined that the Sun's height of -20⁰ was correct. Meanwhile, Muhammadiyah through the results of the XXXI Tarjih National Deliberation regarding the criteria for the beginning of Shubuh time, set the height of the Sun at -18⁰.
This research was conducted to find out: first, the genealogy of the decisions of the XXXI Tarjih Muhammadiyah national conference regarding the criteria for the early Shubuh time. Second, how is the analysis of fiqh and astronomy on the decision of the XXXI Tarjih Muhammadiyah national meeting regarding the criteria for the beginning of Shubuh time.
This research is a type of field research, with the form of presenting qualitative data. Data collection techniques consisted of interviews and documentation related to this research. To obtain optimal results, the authors use descriptive analysis.
The results showed that: first, the change in the Shubuh time criteria in the Tarjih National Conference was caused by two factors, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors include: the main tasks of the Tarjih and Tajdid Council and the results of observations of the dawn of Muhammadiyah's internal institutions. The external factors include: the pressure from the people about the difference in the height of the early dawn time, the results of research on the dawn of astronomers, the standardization of the dawn of Muslim leaders and the high standardization of the Sun from other countries. Second, the fiqh analysis of this decision is an understanding of the verses of the Quran and Hadith about the beginning of Shubuh time. Based on astronomy, the dawn approach used is in accordance with the astronomical twilight height, which is -18⁰. However, dawn observations must take into account Indonesia's position near the equator and its high level of light pollution.

Item Type: Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Tarjih Muhammadiyah; Awal waktu; Shalat Subuh
Subjects: 200 Religion (Class here Comparative religion) > 290 Other religions > 297 Islam and religions originating in it > 297.2 Islam Doctrinal Theology, Aqaid and Kalam > 297.26 Islam and secular disciplines > 297.265 Islam and natural science (Incl. Islamic Astronomy/Ilmu Falak)
Divisions: Program Pascasarjana > Program Master (S2) > 50102 - Ilmu Falak (S2)
Depositing User: Miswan Miswan
Date Deposited: 30 Aug 2023 09:33
Last Modified: 30 Aug 2023 09:33
URI: https://eprints.walisongo.ac.id/id/eprint/20863

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