Kaliné buthȇk wȇtȇngé warȇg : studi tentang pandangan hidup dan perilaku ekonomi santri pelaku usaha batik di Pekalongan
Haryati, Tri Astutik (2018) Kaliné buthȇk wȇtȇngé warȇg : studi tentang pandangan hidup dan perilaku ekonomi santri pelaku usaha batik di Pekalongan. Dr/PhD thesis, UIN Walisongo.
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Abstract
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keinginan untuk memotret pertanyaan tentang kompleksitas hubungan antara kehidupan sehari-hari dengan kerangka budaya yang memayungi perekonomian masyarakat ditengahi oleh ajaran Islam. Fokus kajian pada apa yang sedang terjadi—dalam kasus kali buthȇk, wȇtȇng warȇg—dan cenderung terus terjadi serta berusaha menemukan pola mengapa hal itu terjadi bahkan menjadi tradisi. Di dalamnya memunculkan permasalahan tentang orientasi nilai hidup apa yang diidealkan oleh santri pelaku usaha batik dan bagaimana nilai-nilai ideal itu diaktualisasikan dalam kegiatan ekonomi mereka? Sebagai studi kultural, penelitian ini menempatkan masyarakat pada pusat dunia sosial dengan tujuan untuk memahami pandangan hidup mereka, bagaimana mereka mengenal dunianya dan memberi pengertian terhadap pengalaman-pengalamannya berdasarkan teori Kluckhohn. Sedangkan untuk memahami perilaku mereka, menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi Alfred Schütz dengan basis teoritis The Social Construction of Reality dari Peter L Berger dan Thomas Luckmann. Sumber data melalui purposive sampling dengan unit analisis produsen, pembabar, dan buruh. Metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam, dan analisa dengan metode deskriptif analisis kritis.
Pelaku usaha batik Pekalongan sebagai komunitas muslim santri memiliki orientasi nilai hidup ideal yakni kebaikan hidup dunia dan akhirat secara seimbang. Keseimbangan itu mengantarkan pada keadaan slamet ndunya akhirat. Gambaran keselamatan dunia tampak dalam hidup mapan yang berimplikasi sosio-religius sebagai sarana mencapai keselamatan akhirat dan menjadi indikasi kesuksesan. Kesuksesan bagi pengusaha batik terbagi tiga: kesuksesan lahiriah, batiniah, dan lahir-batin sekaligus. Pencapaian kesuksesan dalam jangka panjang tidak terlepas dari beberapa faktor: mentalitas pengusaha, manajeman ilmiah, pemahaman agama, budaya, dan lain-lain. Pemahaman agama berdialektika dengan budaya Jawa menimbulkan etos kerja tinggi karena kualitas kemanusiaan dalam budaya Jawa salah satunya ditentukan oleh kehidupan mapan. Untuk mempertahankannya mereka menggunakan berbagai cara seperti hutang mori, nglisitke giro, mbanting harga, ngemplang, dan lain-lain. Pada awalnya, cara-cara itu untuk menghindari kerugian. Namun mereka tidak menyadari bahaya lebih besar dan berkelanjutan yang akan dialami hingga berakhir pada kekalahan. Kondisi ini menyebabkan mereka memutar haluan melalui jalan-jalan spiritual. Dengan demikian, fungsi agama dalam perilaku ekonomi masyarakat santri Pekalongan terbagi menjadi empat yakni sebagai lensa ideologis, mekanisme kontrol dalam perilaku ekonomi, sumber motivasi kerja, dan sumber vitalitas moral melalui peran solutif agama sebagai sarana efektif untuk menyelesaikan berbagai permasalahan perekonomian.
ABSTRACT:
The background of this research is to picture a question of complexity occurring between daily life and cultural framework that surround practices of economy in the face of Islamic teachings. It focuses on what is happening and supposedly continues to happen—in the case of kali buthȇk, wȇtȇng warȇg—and on attempts at identifying a pattern as to why such practices happen and develop into a tradition. A pattern of economy practices of batik—related to environment either in a direct or indirect way—gives rise to a problem of: which life values orientation that is highly held by santri batik manufacturer and how those values are actualized in their economy practices? As a cultural study, this research positions the society as a centre of its social world to understand a view of life based on their own viewpoint, how they recognize their world, and how they define their own experiences based on Kluckhohn’s theory. To understanding their behavior, using phenomenological approach of Alfed Schütz on a theoretical basis The Social Construction of Reality Peter L Berger and Thomas Luckmann. Purposive sampling is used to determine the source of data with producer, pembabar, and labor as analysis units that are collected through observation and in-depth interviews, and then analyzed using critical descriptive analysis.
The businessmen of batik Pekalongan as santri moslem community employs an ideal life orientation which is a virtuous balance of life here and hereafter through which they can attain a station of slamet ndunya akhirat (a welfare in here and hereafter). A form of welfare in this world is demonstrated by a secure and steady life with socio-religious implications as a means to achieve welfare in hereafter and become an indication of success. Success for batik entrepreneurs is divided into three: outward, inner, and inner-out success. Achieving success in the long term is inseparable from several factors: entrepreneur mentality, scientific management, religious understanding, culture, and so on. Understanding of religions dialectics with Javanese culture cause high work ethic because the quality of humanity in Javanese culture one of them is determined by the life of mapan. To defend it they use various ways such as debt mori, nglisitke giro, mbanting price, ngemplang, and others. In the beginning, those ways to avoid losses. But they are unaware of the greater and more sustained dangers that will be experienced to lead to defeat. In this situation, there is no way out except spiritual escapes. As such, there are four functions of religion in the realm of economic behaviors among santri in Pekalongan. These functions include: religion as ideological lens, control mechanisms in the economic behavior, religion as an impetus to work, and religion as an impetus to moral vitality through a role it has in effectively solving and accomplishing multifarious economic problems.
Item Type: | Thesis (Dr/PhD) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Pandangan hidup; Perilaku ekonomi; Santri; Pengusaha batik; Pekalongan |
Subjects: | 200 Religion (Class here Comparative religion) > 290 Other religions > 297 Islam and religions originating in it > 297.2 Islam Doctrinal Theology, Aqaid and Kalam > 297.27 Islam and social sciences > 297.273 Islam and economics 300 Social sciences > 301 Sociology and anthropology 300 Social sciences > 306 Culture and institutions |
Divisions: | Program Pascasarjana > Program Doktor (S3) > 76003 - Studi Islam (S3) |
Depositing User: | Miswan Miswan |
Date Deposited: | 25 Jan 2021 07:32 |
Last Modified: | 25 Jan 2021 07:32 |
URI: | https://eprints.walisongo.ac.id/id/eprint/12100 |
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