Kajian “Resolusi Sengketa Wakaf dan Perlindungan Aset (Studi Kasus di Jawa Timur Tahun 1986-2010)” ini berupaya menjelaskan tentang sengketa wakaf dan resolusinya, serta pola perlindungan aset wakaf di lembaga pengelola wakaf. Tujuannya adalah untuk memetakan jenis sengketa wakaf, pemicunya, pihak bersengketa, menerangkan bentuk penyelesaiannya, dan memaparkan pola perlindungan aset wakaf yang terdapat di masyarakat.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengambilan data dengan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui dokumentasi, observasi dan wawancara. Data primer penelitian ini adalah sengketa wakaf, putusan institusi peradilan agama, dan hukum perwakafan nasional. Sedangkan data penunjang lainnya diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada pihak terkait guna melengkapi data yang ada. Analisa dilakukan secara deskriptif-interpretatif.
Sengketa wakaf di masyarakat, didominasi atas harta wakaf tidak bergerak. Jenis sengketanya berupa perselisihan, gugatan dan permohonan. Sedangkan penyebab munculnya sengketa antara lain pengakuan kepemilikan, perubahan pada maksud dan tujuan wakaf, mangkraknya harta wakaf, serta minimnya pembinaan lembaga terkait. Sedangkan pihak yang sengketa antara lain, wakif, ahli waris, kerabatnya, pengelola wakaf, nazhir, pengurus wakaf dan pihak lain. Sengketa wakaf (gugatan) terjadi pada harta wakaf yang mayoritas statusnya belum memiliki bukti otentik semisal sertipikat tanah wakaf. Adapun bentuk penyelesaiannya, cenderung menempuh jalur litigasi dan non-litigasi. Upaya penyelesaian perkara diawali dengan musyawarah, mediasi yang difasilitasi majelis hakim maupun court mandated mediation dan authoritative mediator. Sedangkan non-litigasi, diselesaikan dengan mediator kharismatik dan social network mediator.
Ada 2 (dua) upaya perlindungan aset. Pertama, permohonan pengesahan wakaf. Kedua, legalisasi aset wakaf melalui penetapan sahnya wakaf di peradilan agama (PA, PTA dan MA). Upaya lainnya adalah menjaga status wakaf, restrukturisasi kenazhiran dan memberikan kesadaran spiritualitas bagi pengelola wakaf. Sesuai regulasi perwakafan, sengketa diselesaikan dengan optimalisasi mediasi, dan berprinsip melindungi wakaf. Perspektif hukum Islamnya adalah nilai kemaslahatan sesuai konsep maqa>s}id asy-syari>’ah dalam hal menjaga al-kulliyya>t al-khams, yakni menjaga agama (h}ifz} ad-di>n) dan menjaga harta (h}ifz al-ma>l).

ABSTRACT:

This study, The Resolution of Waqf Dispute and Its Asset Protection (Case Study at East Java in 1986-2010), explains waqf dispute, its resolution and the way protection of its asset in the institution of waqaf administrator. The objectives of the research are to map the types of waqf dispute, its triggers, and members in dispute, to describe the resolution and to explain the way protection of asset in the society.
The data collection used is purposive sampling. The data is collected through documentation, observation, and interview. The primary data of the research are waqf dispute, the judicial decision of religious courts and the national laws of waqf. Other data are obtained from interviews to complete the existing data. At the stage of analyzing data, it conducts descriptive-interpretative analysis.
Waqf dispute in the society was dominated with immovable waqf property. The types of dispute are about disputes, claims, and petition. The causes of disputes include the acknowledgement of ownership, the change of waqf intention and purposes, the ignorance of waqf property and the lack of coaching from the institutions. The members in dispute include waqf donators, heirs, relatives, waqf administrators, waqf officials, waqf supervisors and others. Waqf disputes occurs in the majority of waqf property which has no authentic evidence, such as waqf certificate. However, the resolution tends to take litigation or non-litigation. The effort of case resolution begins with deliberation, and mediation facilitated either court judges or court mandated mediation and authoritative mediator. In non-litigation, the case is resolved with charismatic mediator and social network mediator.
There are two efforts to protect assets of waqf. The first is requesting waqf legalization. The second is legalizing waqf assets through establishing the legal waqf in religious courts such as Religious Courts, High Religious Courts and Supreme Court. Other efforts to protect assets of waqf are maintaining the status of waqf, restructuring the waqf officials and providing the spiritual awareness for waqf administrators. Based on waqf regulation, waqf dispute is resolved with optimizing mediation and having principles to protect waqf. The perspective Islamic law is the benefit value in accordance with the concept of maqa>s{id asy-syari>’ah within maintaining al-kulliyya>t al-khams, it means maintaining religion (h}ifz} ad-di>n) and maintaining property (h}ifz} al-ma>l).