Bank air susu ibu (ASI) dalam tinjauan hukum Islam

Fanani, Ahwan (2012) Bank air susu ibu (ASI) dalam tinjauan hukum Islam. Ishraqi, 10 (1). pp. 83-96. ISSN 1412-5722

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Abstract

The phenomenon of modernity bring with it social changes, some of which are
related to family structure. The open of public career for women leads to the broader role
of women to participate in public work and to leave their domestic rule. The change has
impact to the interpretation of Islamic teachings as well. The nature of Islamic teaching is
closely related to social engineering and social control so that any social change will
consequently challenge islamic experts (ulama) to formulate Islamic preceipt to meet moslem
needs to deal with the new situation. One issue that raises the interest of ulama recently is
human milk bank. Human milk bank is a system of providing and transferring donored
human milk to those who need it, especially new infants. The system – having been developing
in developed-West countries for nearly one century— is now creeping into islamic
society and raise the question on its compatibility to Islamic law. The paper is aimed to
provide answer in the light of Islamic law to the question.Human Milk Banking may be
categorize as branch law (furu’) due to the absent of dalil on it. However, there are abundant
of dalils (Islamic legal sources) related to breastfeeding and to donor as well as
transaction law. From the analysis and induction the the dalils, it can be inferred that
basically Human Milk Banking is allowed according to Islamic law because there is not
againts any dalil and muamalah (human relation) is basically allowed as far as no
prohibitation. The permission if human milk banking does not mean that all processes
employed by the bank are allowed as well. Breastfeeding to infant, in Islamic law, has
impact of the relation between milk-owner mother and the baby in which all marriage
between both or between the baby with some of milk-owner mother’s relatives is forbidden.
Therefore, the system of human milk bank has to fullfill several conditions, namely
identity clairty and safety.

Abstrak:
Modernitas mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan sosial, termasuk di kalangan
umat Islam. Salah satu pranata sosial yang mendapatkan pengaruh dari perubahan
tersebut adalah pranata keluarga. Perubahan sistem keluarga dari keluarga besar ke
dalam sistem keluarga inti dan partisipasi wanita dalam ranah publik menjadi salah satu
wajah perubahan pranata keluarga akibat modernisasi. Hal tersebut berdampak pula
terhadap pemahaman ajaran Islam. Ajaran Islam sebagai petunjuk bagi umat manusia
dituntut untuk mampu menjawab berbagai persoalan sosial agar fungsinya untuk rekayasa
dan kontrol sosial tetap berjalan. Salah satu problem yang muncul belakangan ini adalah
mengenai bank Air Susu Ibu (ASI). Bank Asi adalah sistem untuk mengumpulkan, mengolah,
dan menyalurkan air susu dari ibu-ibu yang kelebihan air susu kepada anak (bayi) yang
kekurangan susu ibu atau memiliki problem kesehatan tertentu. Bank ASI telah berkembang lama di dunia Barat dan mulai masuk dan dikenal di kalangan masyarakat muslim.
Keberadaan bank ASI menimbulkan pertanyaan dari sebagian kalangan muslim mengenai
keabsahannya menurut hukum Islam. Makalah ini mencoba untuk memberikan tinjauan
terhadap bank ASI menurut hukum Islam.
Persoalan bank ASI dalam hukum Islam dapat dikategorikan sebagai persoalan furu
karena tiadanya dalil langsung yang mengacu kepada sistem tersebut. Bank ASI
sebenarnya hanya sarana untuk donor ASI, meskipun tidak tertutup kemungkinan bank
ASI dijalankan secara komersial. Berdasarkan tinjauan terhadap hukum-hukum pokok
yang terkait dengan penyaluran ASI, yaitu hukum radla’ah (penyusuan) dan muamalah
(jual beli/ hibah) tampak bahwa penyaluran ASI adalah praktek yang mubah. Hanya
saja penyaluran ASI menimbulkan dampak hukum, yaitu adanya hubungan hukum antara
bayi penerima dan ibu pemberi ASI. Oleh karena itu, kebolehan bank ASI diikuti dengan
syarat-syarat untuk menjamin tidak dilanggarnya larangan pernikahan dan terjadi
kejelasan hubungan antara bayi penerima dengan ibu pemberi susu dan kerabatnya
yang secara langsung terkena dampak hukum dari hubungan persusuan.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: Bank Air Susu Ibu; Hukum Islam; Relasi antar Manusia
Subjects: 200 Religion (Class here Comparative religion) > 290 Other religions > 297 Islam and religions originating in it > 297.1 Sources of Islam > 297.14 Religious Ceremonial Laws and Decisions
200 Religion (Class here Comparative religion) > 290 Other religions > 297 Islam and religions originating in it > 297.5 Islamic ethics, practice > 297.57 Religious experience, life, practice > 297.577 Marriage and family life
Divisions: Artikel Jurnal (Journal Articles)
Depositing User: Miswan Miswan
Date Deposited: 05 Apr 2014 03:32
Last Modified: 05 Apr 2014 03:32
URI: https://eprints.walisongo.ac.id/id/eprint/1853

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