Pandangan tokoh falak tentang implementasi kriteria Neo MABIMS di Indonesia

Aini, Nur (2023) Pandangan tokoh falak tentang implementasi kriteria Neo MABIMS di Indonesia. Undergraduate (S1) thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang.

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Abstract

Penentuan awal bulan Kamariah seringkali memunculkan perbedaan khususnya pada penentuan awal Ramadan, Syawal, dan Zulhijah. Perbedaan tersebut selain dari perbedaan metode, juga disebabkan karena perbedaan kriteria yang digunakan. Terdapat berbagai kriteria penentuan awal bulan Kamariah yang berlaku di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah kriteria MABIMS (Menteri Agama Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Singapura). Kriteria MABIMS dalam berbagai pertimbangan diusulkan untuk diperbarui, sehingga terlahirlah kriteria baru MABIMS atau Neo MABIMS. Dalam implementasinya di Indonesia masih menyisakan sedikit persoalan. Dengan demkian, memunculkan pertanyaan bagaimana pandangan tokoh falak tentang implementasi kriteria Neo MABIMS di Indonesia? dan bagaimana keberlakuan wilayah hukum pada implementasi kriteria Neo MABIMS?
Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian lapangan atau field research dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode wawancara kepada para tokoh Falak Indonesia dan sebagian data dikumpulkan dari dokumen, buku, maupun literatur yang mendukung. Data-data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan metode analisis deskriptif yaitu dengan menggambarkan dan menjabarkan hasil dari wawancara, kemudian hasil wawancara dikelompokkan berdasarkan kesamaan pandangan dalam menyikapi implementasi kriteria Neo MABIMS untuk penentuan awal bulan Kamariah di Indonesia.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kriteria Neo MABIMS merupakan kriteria perubahan atas kriteria lama (2-3-8). Implementasi kriteria Neo MABIMS pada penentuan awal Syawal 1443 H menyisakan persoalan karena belum adanya kesepakatan penggunaan parameter elongasi secara geosentrik atau toposentrik. Mempertimbangkan kemaslahatan umat, elongasi yang digunakan dalam menetapkan awal Syawal 1443 H adalah elongasi geosentrik. Menyikapi hal tersebut, terdapat dua pandangan oleh tokoh falak terkait penggunaan elongasi, yaitu secara geosentrik dan toposentrik. Pada Implementasinya keberlakuan kriteria Neo MABIMS berlaku secara maṭla’ wilayatul hukmi yang menjadi kewenangan pemerintah dan kriteria Neo MABIMS diaplikasikan secara kumulatif.

ABSTRACT:
Determining the beginning of the lunar month often raises differences, especially in determining the beginning of Ramadan, Shawwal and Zulhijah. These differences apart from differences in methods, are also due to differences in the criteria used. There are various criteria for determining the beginning of the lunar month that apply in Indonesia, one of which is the MABIMS criteria (Ministry of Religion of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore). The MABIMS criteria in various considerations were proposed to be updated, so that the new MABIMS or Neo MABIMS criteria were born. In its implementation in Indonesia, there are still a few problems. Thus, raises the question how to implement the Neo MABIMS criteria from the perspective of astronomers? and what is the jurisdiction of implementing the Neo MABIMS criteria?
This research uses field research or field research with a qualitative approach. Data collection in this study was conducted by interviewing Indonesian Falak experts and some of the data was collected from supporting documents, books and literature. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis method by describing and elaborating the results of interviews with informants, then the results of the interviews were grouped based on the similarity of views in addressing the implementation of the Neo MABIMS criteria for determining the beginning of the lunar month in Indonesia.
The results of this study indicate that the Neo MABIMS criterion is a criterion for changing the old criteria (2-3-8). The implementation of the Neo MABIMS criteria in the initial determination of Shawwal 1443 H left a problem because there was no agreement on the use of geocentric or topocentric elongation parameters. Considering the benefit of the people, the elongation used in determining the beginning of Shawwal 1443 H is geocentric elongation. In response to this, there are two views by astronomers regarding the use of elongation, namely geocentric and topocentric. In its implementation, the application of the Neo MABIMS criteria refers to the maṭla' wilayatul hukmi which is the authority of the government and the Neo MABIMS criteria are applied cumulatively.

Item Type: Thesis (Undergraduate (S1))
Uncontrolled Keywords: Neo MABIMS; Elongasi; Wilayatul Hukmi; Tokoh Falak
Subjects: 200 Religion (Class here Comparative religion) > 290 Other religions > 297 Islam and religions originating in it > 297.2 Islam Doctrinal Theology, Aqaid and Kalam > 297.26 Islam and secular disciplines > 297.265 Islam and natural science (Incl. Islamic Astronomy/Ilmu Falak)
Divisions: Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum > 50202 - Ilmu Falak
Depositing User: Miswan Miswan
Date Deposited: 16 Aug 2023 06:33
Last Modified: 16 Aug 2023 06:33
URI: https://eprints.walisongo.ac.id/id/eprint/20606

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