Riset ini dimaksudkan untuk menjawab pertanyaan: (1) Bagaimana model bisnis sosial grameen bank Muhammad Yunus dalam menurunkan angka kemiskinan di Bangladesh? (2) Bagaimana tema-tema kajian tentang bisnis sosial grameen bank Muhammad Yunus di Indonesia? (3) Bagaimana kontribusi bisnis sosial grameen bank Muhammad Yunus dalam pengembangan wacana penurunan angka kemiskinan di Indonesia? Permasalahan ini dibahas melalui systematic literature review (tinjauan pustaka sistematis) dengan teknik SALSA (Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, Analysis). Sumber data berasal dari digital library internasional langganan PERPUSNAS RI (ProQuest dan NELITI) serta database online (Garudaristekdikti dan Google Sholar) dalam rentang waktu 2011 -2021. Semua data dianalisis dengan analisa konten menggunakan aplikasi Publiash or Perish (PoP) dan software VosViewer. Setelah itu dilakukan analisa tema.
Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Kehadiran bisnis sosial grameen bank berhasil menurunkan angka kemiskinan di Bangladesh. Bisnis sosial grameen bank telah menyalurkan kredit ke hampir 7 juta orang miskin di 73.000 desa di Bangladesh dengan tingkat pengembalian sebesar 99 %. Adapun 97 % nasabah grameen bank adalah para perempuan miskin dan sekitar 58 % di antarannya berhasil terangkat dari garis kemiskinan. (2) Di Indonesia sudah banyak yang mengkaji tentang bisnis sosial grameen bank Yunus dari berbagai aspek. Peneliti mengelompokkan artikel kajian Yunus di Indonesia dalam 6 (enam) tema, yang terdiri atas: Tema Perempuan, tema kemiskinan, tema inovasi, tema pemberdayaan, tema pola pembiayaan dan tema UKM – LKM. Kemudian, tema-tema ini akan difokuskan pada pengembangan wacana penurunan angka kemiskinan di Indonesia. (3) Ada dua kecenderungan yang diwacanakan peneliti. Pertama, cenderung optimis diterapkan. Terdapat 86 % dari 55 artikel mendukung model bisnis sosial grameen bank diterapkan di Indonesia bisa menurunkan angka kemiskinan. Kedua, cenderung pesimis diterapkan. Dari 30 LKM dalam penelitian ini, terdapat 4 LKM yang gagal menerapkan model bisnis sosial grameen bank. Selain itu, model bisnis sosial grameen bank Yunus pun menuai kritikan, salah satunya karena tidak sesuai dengan syari’ah Islam dalam prakteknya. Yakni, menggunakan sistem bunga yang menurut sebagian intelektual Islam, bunga bank termasuk riba, sedang praktek riba hukumnya haram. Meskipun demikian, mayoritas hasil penelitian mewacanakan bahwa model bisnis sosial grameen bank Yunus optimis bisa dijadikan salah solusi dalam menurunkan angka kemiskinan di Indonesia.

ABSTRACT:
NIM : 1805028008
This research is intended to answer the question: (1) How is Muhammad Yunus' grameen bank social business model in reducing poverty in Bangladesh? (2) What are the themes of the study of the social business of Grameen Bank Muhammad Yunus in Indonesia? (3) How is the contribution of grameen bank Muhammad Yunus social business in the development of poverty reduction discourse in Indonesia? This problem is discussed through systematic literature review with SALSA techniques(Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, Analysis). The data source comes from the international digital library subscription PERPUSNAS RI (ProQuest and NELITI) as well as online databases (Garudaristekdikti and Google Sholar) in the period 2011-2021. All data is analyzed by content analysis using the Publiash or Perish (PoP) application and VosViewersoftware. After that, an analysis of the theme is done.
This study shows that: (1) The presence of grameen bank social business succeeded in reducing poverty in Bangladesh. Grameen Bank's social businesses have distributed credit to nearly 7 million poor people in 73,000 villages in Bangladesh with a rate of return of 99%. 97% of grameen bank customers are poor women and about 58% of them managed to be lifted from the poverty line. (2) In Indonesia there has been a lot of study about the social business of Grameen Bank Yunus from various aspects. Researchers grouped Yunus study articles in Indonesia in 6 (six) themes, consisting of: Women's Theme, poverty theme, innovation theme, empowerment theme, financing pattern theme and SME – MFI theme. Then, these themes will be focused on developing the discourse on reducing poverty in Indonesia. (3) There are two tendencies proposed by researchers. First, it tends to be optimistically applied. There are 86% of the 55 articles supporting the social business model grameen bank applied in Indonesia can reduce poverty. Second, it tends to be pessimistic. Of the 30 MFI in this study, there were 4 MSMEs that failed to implement grameen bank social business model. In addition, the social business model of Grameen Bank Yunus also drew criticism, one of which was because it was not in accordance with Islamic shari'ah in practice. Namely, using a system of interest that according to some Islamic intellectuals, bank interest including riba, is practicing usury law haram. Nevertheless, the majority of research results show that the social business model of Grameen Bank Yunus is optimistic that it can be used as one of the solutions in reducing poverty in Indonesia.