Diospyros merupakan genus tumbuhan yang terdaftar dalam IUCN Red List of Threatened Species sebagai tumbuhan terancam (threatened) dan rentan (vulnerable) serta harus dilindungi berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan Nomor:P.57/MENHUT-II/2008. Koleksi Diospyros sp. yang belum banyak teridentifikasi di Kebun Raya Bogor berasal dari wilayah Sumatra dan diduga berpotensi sebagai jenis baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi Diospyros sp. asal Sumatra koleksi Kebun Raya Bogor berdasarkan pendekatan secara morfologi dan molekuler. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan berupa pengambilan sampel, pengamatan karakter morfologi, ektraksi DNA menggunakan KIT GeneJET Plant Genomic DNA Purification Mini Kit K0971 (Thermo scientific), amplifikasi menggunakan region ITS, elektroforesis, visualisasi hasil elektroforesis, dan analisis data hasil sekuensing.
Hasil pendekatan morfologi menunjukkan sampel LZ05 memiliki ciri khusus yang sama dengan dengan Diospyros ferrea (Wild.) Bakh. dan sampel LZ08 memiliki ciri khusus yang sama dengan Diospyros sumatrana Miq. var. decipiens (Clarke) Bakh. asal Malay penn. Hasil pendekatan molekuler menunjukkan karakter sekuen sampel LZ05 memiliki panjang 616 bp dan sampel LZ08 memiliki panjang 877 bp. Analisis filogenetik menujukkan sampel LZ05 berkerabat dekat dengan Diospyros stigrosa dengan nilai boostrap 98% dan sampel LZ08 berkerabat dekat dengan Diospyros philippensis, Diospyros rubra dan Diospyros maclurei dengan nilai boostrap 99%. Karakteristik sekuen ITS sampel LZ05&LZ08 mengandung banyak basa C dan G sesuai dengan komposisi nukleotida sekuen ITS. Hasil pendekatan secara morfologi lebih meyakinkan dibanding pendekatan secara molekuler. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya data pembanding di genbank NCBI sehingga pendekatan molekuler tidak memenuhi syarat dalam identifikasi.

ABSTRACT:
Diospyros is a plant genus registered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as threatened and vulnerable and must be protected based on Minister of Forestry Regulation Number: P.57/MENHUT-II/2008. Collection of Diospyros sp. which has not been identified in the Bogor Botanical Gardens originates from the Sumatra region and is suspected as a potential new species. This study aims to identify Diospyros sp. from Sumatra, the collection of the Bogor Botanical Gardens based on morphological and molecular approaches. The stages of the research were sampling, observation of morphological characters, DNA extraction using the GeneJET Plant Genomic DNA Purification Mini Kit K0971 (Thermo Scientific), amplification using the ITS region, electrophoresis, visualization of electrophoretic results, and analysis of sequencing data.
The results of the morphological approach showed that the LZ05 sample had the same special characteristics as Diospyros ferrea (Wild.) Bakh. and sample LZ08 has the same special characteristics as Diospyros sumatrana Miq. var. decipiens (Clarke) Bakh. from Malay Penn. The results of the molecular approach show that the character sequence of sample LZ05 has a length of 616 bp and sample LZ08 has a length of 877 bp. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sample LZ05 is closely related to Diospyros stigrosa with a bootstrap value of 98% and sample LZ08 is closely related to Diospyros philippensis, Diospyros rubra and Diospyros maclurei with a bootstrap value of 99%. Characteristics of the ITS sequence of samples LZ05&LZ08 contain many C and G bases according to the nucleotide composition of the ITS sequence. The results of the morphological approach are more convincing than the molecular approach. This is due to the lack of comparative data in the NCBI GenBank so the molecular approach does not meet the requirements for identification.