Konsep wasathiyah perspektif Al-Qusyairi dalam kitab Lathaif al-Isyarat

Tastia, Nurul Uzdhma (2023) Konsep wasathiyah perspektif Al-Qusyairi dalam kitab Lathaif al-Isyarat. Masters thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang.

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Abstract

Term wasathiyah yang kini hangat diperbincangkan hingga merambah ke dunia akademik, ternyata menelurkan berbagai pendapat kritis, yakni dari mulai pemilihan diksi yag tidak sebanding dengan maknanya, ketidak sesuaian wacana dengan realita aplikatifnya hingga pemahaman yang justru jauh dari makna teologisnya. Penelitian terkait wasathiyah yang sering menginduk pada Surah Al-Baqarah ayat 143 dan bergulat dengan term ummatan wasathan, memicu penulis untuk tidak melepaskan sanad tersebut. Keresahan makna yang ditemukan, tidak jauh beda dengan penafsiran satu dengan yang lainnya, menambah rasa penasaran yang mendalam. Hingga ditemukan pemaknaan dalam tafsir Al-Qusyairi, disebutkan bahwa ummatan wasathan adalah thaifah yang mana oleh pentahqiqnya dimaknai sebagai ahlul haqaiq, yang dipahami sebagai ahli kebenaran bahkan kaum sufi. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untu mengungkap makna ahlul haqaiq dan bagaimana konsep wasathiyah Al-Qusyairi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian pustaka ini adalah metode tematik (maudhu`i) tokoh dengan pendekatan fikih social. Hasil penelitian ini adalah ummatan wasathan perspektif Al-Qusyairi yakni umat pilihan, umat (Islam) Nabi Muhammad sebagai nabi terakhir sebagai keturunan Ibrahim. Di dalam umat pilihan tersebut terdapat kaum pilihan lagi atau dalam kitab disebut at-thaifah yang dimaknai dalam syarh sebagai ahlul haqaiq. Ahlul haqaiq ialah mereka yang disebut sebagai lisanul waqthi, yang senantiasa bertindak dan berfatwa sesuai dengan ilham atau petunjuk Allah dan bukan semata karena mengikuti hawa nafsu saja. Ahlul haqaiq memiliki beberapa karakteristik seperti mereka senantiasa menyeimbangkan dalam penggunaan akal dan hati, terhijab dari maksiat dan perpecahan, senantiasa memprioritaskan hubungan ketuhanan juga kemanusiaan. Kemudian pembacaan wasathiyah Al-Qusyairi melalui lensa fikih social yakni betapa perlunya menyeimbangkan pendidikan intelektual dan moral, mewujudkan perdagangan jujur, musyawarah keluarga, musawah masyarakat hingga perdamaian dunia. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa, pertama, konsep wasathiyah Al-Qusyairi dalam pembangunannya berporos pada perilaku para ahli sufi atau ahli kebenaran. Kedua, poros pada sufi bukan berarti beliau juga melupakan syari`ah, tapi beliau menjalankan keduanya bahkan lebih paham. Sehingga dengan lensa fikih mampu dihasilkan beberapa potensi kemanusiaan mulai dari keseimbangan pendidikan, kebersihan hati dalam bermuamalah hingga mendorong perdamaian dunia.

ABSTRACT:
The term wasathiyah, which is now hotly discussed and has spread to the academic world, has given rise to various critical opinions, namely from choosing diction that is not commensurate with its meaning, discrepancies in discourse with its applicable reality to understanding that is far from its theological meaning. Research related to wasathiyah which often refers to Surah Al-Baqarah verse 143 and grapples with the term ummatan wasathan, triggers the author not to let go of the sanad. The uncertainty of the meaning found, not much different from one interpretation to another, adds to a deep sense of curiosity. Until the meaning was found in Al-Qusyairi's interpretation, it was stated that the ummatan wasathan was thaifah which was interpreted by the pentahqiq as ahlul haqaiq, which was understood as experts in truth and even Sufis. So this research aims to reveal the meaning of ahlul haqaiq and the concept of wasathiyah Al-Qusyairi. The method used in this library research is the thematic method (maudhu`i) of figures with a social jurisprudence approach. The results of this research are the ummatan wasathan from Al-Qusyairi's perspective, namely the chosen people, the people (Islam) of the Prophet Muhammad as the last prophet as a descendant of Abraham. Within this chosen people there is another chosen people or in the book called at-thaifah which is interpreted in the sharh as ahlul haqaiq. Ahlul haqaiq are those who are called lisanul waqthi, who always act and give fatwa following Allah's inspiration or guidance and not just because they follow their desires. Ahlul haqaiq have several characteristics, such as they always balance the use of reason and heart, are veiled from immorality and division, always prioritize divine and humanitarian relationships. Then read Al-Qusyairi's wasathiyah through the lens of social jurisprudence, namely how necessary it is to balance intellectual and moral education, realizing honest trade, family deliberation, community deliberation and world peace. The conclusion in this research states that, first, Al-Qusyairi's wasathiyah concept in its development pivots on the behavior of Sufi experts or experts in truth. Second, the pivot towards Sufiism does not mean that he also forgets the Shari'ah, but that he practices both and even understands them better. So that with a fiqh lens, several human potentials can be produced, starting from balance in education, cleanliness of heart in muamalah to encouraging world peace.

Item Type: Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Wasathiyah; Thaifah; Ahlul haqaiq; Lisanul waqthi; Fikih sosial; Al-Qusyairi; Kitab Lathaif al-Isyarat
Subjects: 200 Religion (Class here Comparative religion) > 201 Religious mythology, general classes of religion, interreligious relations and attitudes, social theology
200 Religion (Class here Comparative religion) > 290 Other religions > 297 Islam and religions originating in it > 297.4 Sufism
Divisions: Program Pascasarjana > Program Master (S2) > 76131 - Ilmu Al-Qur'an dan Tafsir (S2)
Depositing User: Miswan Miswan
Date Deposited: 05 Dec 2024 03:08
Last Modified: 05 Dec 2024 03:08
URI: https://eprints.walisongo.ac.id/id/eprint/25404

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