Pendapat Mohammad Odeh tentang zawāl al-syams dalam penentuan awal waktu zuhur

Katili, Moh. Tantawi (2024) Pendapat Mohammad Odeh tentang zawāl al-syams dalam penentuan awal waktu zuhur. Masters thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang.

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Abstract

Ragam makna zawāl al-syams sebagai tanda masuknya waktu Zuhur menghadirkan permasalahan dalam penentuannya. Terkait hal tersebut, Odeh memilih pandangan yang menentukan waktu Zuhur saat titik pusat matahari menjauh dari meridian, meskipun sebenarnya berbasis pada asumsi yang menyamakan zawāl dengan istiwāʼ, padahal keduanya berbeda baik dari posisi matahari maupun akibat hukumnya.
Studi ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan: (1) Bagaimana konsep penentuan awal waktu Zuhur menurut Mohammad Odeh? (2) Bagaimana tinjauan fikih dan astronomi terhadap pendapat Mohammad Odeh mengenai makna zawāl al-syams? (3) Bagaimana titik temu antara tinjauan fikih dan astronomi dalam memaknai zawāl al-syams? Jenis penelitiannya ialah kualitatif lapangan dengan pendekatan multidisipliner. Sumber data dalam studi ini ialah tulisan-tulisan Odeh mengenai penentuan waktu salat dan data hasil observasi bayangan. Data- data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman.
Hasil studi menunjukkan: (1) menurut Odeh ada dua syarat dalam konsep penentuan awal waktu Zuhur: pertambahan panjang bayangan dan perubahan arahnya; dan keduanya terpenuhi sejak titik pusat matahari bergeser dari meridian. Baginya perbedaan antara pandangan ini dan lainnya hanya masalah istilah. (2) Dalam tinjauan fikih, Odeh menginterpretasikan zawāl, khususnya dari segi syarat pertama, dalam makna ḥaqīqi sedangkan penjelasan fukaha cenderung pada zawāl secara marʼi. Dalam tinjauan astronomi, dari hasil observasi diketahui syarat pertama terpenuhi saat 4-7 menit setelah waktu istiwāʼ, kendati umumnya penjelasan Odeh selaras dengan konsep gerak semu matahari. Selain itu, baik secara fiqhiyyah maupun astronomis, Odeh mengabaikan detail argumentasi dari pandangan lainnya serta sejumlah riwayat terkait yang perlu dielaborasi lebih jauh. (3) Oleh karenanya, titik temu sulit tercapai kecuali bila pergeseran yang dimaksud ialah seluruh piringan matahari yang sekaligus meniscayakan adanya reintepretasi visibilitas bayangan. Kata kunci: Mohammad Odeh, Zawāl al-Syams, Waktu Zuhur

ABSTRACT:
The different meanings of zawāl al-shams as the sign of the start of Zuhr time present issues in its determination. Odeh prefers a view that defines the Zuhr time when the center point of the sun moves away from the meridian, although it is actually based on an assumption that equates zawāl with istiwāʼ, whereas both are dissimilar in the position of the sun and its legal implications.
This study aims to answer the following questions: (1) What is the concept of determining the start of Zuhr time according to Mohammad Odeh? (2) How is Mohammad Odeh's opinion regarding the meaning of zawāl al-shams reviewed from the fiqh and astronomy perspective? (3) What is the convergence between fiqh and astronomy in interpreting zawāl al-shams? The research methodology is qualitative field research with a multidisciplinary approach. The data sources consist of Odeh's writings on the determination of prayer times and observational data of shadows. These data are analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The study findings indicate that: (1) in Odeh’s opinion, the concept of Zuhr time entails two conditions: the lengthening of shadows and its azimuthal change; both conditions are met when the center point of the sun shifts from the meridian. He considers the difference between this view and others as merely semantic. (2) From the jurisprudential standpoint, Odeh understands zawāl, particularly regarding the first condition, in the essential meaning; whereas explanations by jurists tend to be the apparent meaning. In terms of astronomy, observations indicate that the first condition is fulfilled 4-7 minutes after midday, although Odeh's explanations generally align with the concept of the sun's apparent motion. Moreover, both juristically and astronomically, Odeh overlooks the detailed arguments of other views and several related sources that require further elaboration. (3) Therefore, achieving convergence is difficult unless the shift referred to involves the entire solar disk, which
in turn necessitates a reinterpretation of shadow visibility.
Keywords: Mohammad Odeh, Zawāl al-Shams, Zuhr Time

Item Type: Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Mohammad Odeh; Zawāl al-Syams; Waktu zuhur; Waktu shalat
Subjects: 200 Religion (Class here Comparative religion) > 290 Other religions > 297 Islam and religions originating in it > 297.2 Islam Doctrinal Theology, Aqaid and Kalam > 297.26 Islam and secular disciplines > 297.265 Islam and natural science (Incl. Islamic Astronomy/Ilmu Falak)
Divisions: Program Pascasarjana > Program Master (S2) > 50102 - Ilmu Falak (S2)
Depositing User: Miswan Miswan
Date Deposited: 21 Aug 2025 00:55
Last Modified: 21 Aug 2025 00:55
URI: https://eprints.walisongo.ac.id/id/eprint/27317

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