This study explores how EFL lecturers promote critical thinking through conversation-based activities in an Extensive Listening and Speaking class at UIN Walisongo Semarang. Recognizing the importance of critical thinking in EFL education, the research focuses on how instructional strategies help students express ideas analytically and reflectively in English.
Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through classroom observations and a semi-structured interview with one lecturer. Content analysis was employed to analyze the data, supported by triangulation and member checking for validity.
The findings show that the lecturer applied strategies such as AI-assisted role plays, open-ended questioning, video analysis, and real-life discussions. These activities encouraged students to analyze, evaluate, and create ideas in English. Although students initially hesitated, the lecturer used scaffolding and a supportive environment to build confidence. The study concludes that thoughtfully designed conversation tasks can effectively enhance both speaking ability and critical thinking in EFL contexts.