The discussions about tradition or turast and modernity had occurred among contemporary Islamic scholars and contemporary thinkers. This is because Islam is faced with the contemporary reality of the emergence of modernity. Islamic thought believes that the decline of Islamic civilization is caused by the inability of the Islamic tradition to confront modernity. The crisis of Islamic reasoning has taken place after the end of the reign of khulafa rashidin and several later governments. The crisis of Islamic reasoning occurs because of the orthodoxy of Islamic texts, the sacralization of Islamic religious thought, and the cult of the Islamic tradition. Gramsci is one of contemporary western philosophers who concentrate on criticism of the crisis.
This research is a qualitative research using descriptive-analytical method. In this study, researchers will analyze the contribution of Gramsci hegemony theory in the crisis of Islamic reasoning. Researchers make Gramsci hegemony theory as a perspective in analyzing the crisis of Islamic reasoning. Gramsci's hegemonic theory explains that in a crisis of human civilization, there are hegemonic practices. The function of hegemony is transforming a ideology into culture, occurring through the commonsense contained in social life, politics, economics, culture (science).
Finally, in this research it is concluded that in the crisis of Islamic reasoning there is a hegemonic practice that turns ideology into culture in Islamic society. The process of ideologization began from the standardization of Ottoman manuscripts as the official corpus of Muslims, then came the Islamic ideas. Islamic ideals such as theology or kalam sciences, fiqh, tasawuf, linguistics have been hegemony by the interests of the ruling group in its emergence. As a result there is stagnation of Islamic thought which led to the decline of Islamic civilization. In this study, described the efforts of the deconstruction and reconstruction of Islamic thought building to eliminate the crisis of Islamic reasoning. That is with the role of organic intellectuals who seek to create communicative society. A style of society that passes through the process of criticism by way of argumentation. Society must be open to all criticism, society discourse should have the principle of openness, rational, humanist, and in line with the development of time.